Our Wish-Children/Teen Internet safety worldwide

References - Tweens 10-13

Teague S, Somoray K, Shatte A, et al. Digital Media Use and Child Health and Development: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Pediatr. Published online March 09, 2026. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.0085
ABCD Study Ran Barzilay, R., Samuel D. Pimentel, S., Kate T. Tran, K., Elina Visoki, E., David Pagliaccio, D., Randy P. Auerbach; R. (2025, Dec) Smartphone Ownership, Age of Smartphone Acquisition, and Health Outcomes in Early Adolescence. Pediatrics e2025072941. 10.1542/peds.2025-072941, https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article-abstract/doi/10.1542/peds.2025-072941/205716/Smartphone-Ownership-Age-of-Smartphone-Acquisition?redirectedFrom=fulltext
ABCD Nivins, S. Mooney, Nigg, J. Klingberg (2025, Dec 8) , T.; Digital Media, Genetics and Risk for ADHD Symptoms in Children – A Longitudinal Study . Pediatrics Open Science; https://doi.org/10.1542/pedsos.2025-000922
Nagata JM, Wong JH, Kim KE, et al. 2025, (Oct) Social Media Use Trajectories and Cognitive Performance in Adolescents. JAMA. Published online October 13, 2025. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.16613
Thiagarajan, T., Newson, J. & Swaminathan, S. (2025) Protecting the Developing Mind in a Digital Age: A Global Policy Imperative, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 26:3, 493-504, DOI: 10.1080/19452829.2025.2518313, https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2025.2518313
Xiao Y, Meng Y, Brown TT, Keyes KM, Mann JJ. Addictive Screen Use Trajectories and Suicidal Behaviors, Suicidal Ideation, and Mental Health in US Youths. JAMA. Published online June 18, 2025. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.7829
Nagata, Jason M. et al. (2025) Prevalence and Patterns of Social Media Use in Early Adolescents (2025) Academic Pediatrics, Volume 0, Issue 0, 102784, https://www.academicpedsjnl.net/article/S1876-2859(25)00009-9/fulltext
Maheux, A. J., Laurenceau, J. P., Roberts, S. R., Nesi, J., Widman, L., & Choukas-Bradley, S. (2024). Longitudinal Change in Appearance-Related Social Media Consciousness and Depressive Symptoms: A Within-Person Analysis during Early-to-Middle Adolescence. Journal of youth and adolescence, 53(10), 2287–2299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-024-01998-5
Flannery, J. S., Burnell, K., Kwon, S. J., Jorgensen, N. A., Prinstein, M. J., Lindquist, K. A., & Telzer, E. H. (2024). Developmental changes in brain function linked with addiction-like social media use two years later. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 19(1), nsae008. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsae008
Ataga O, Arnold VK. TikTok Challenges—Unintentional Injuries vs Suicide Attempts. JAMA Psychiatry. Published online November 06, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3522, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2825421
Schmidt-Persson J, Rasmussen MGB, Sørensen SO, et al. Screen Media Use and Mental Health of Children and Adolescents: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(7):e2419881. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.19881
Pagliaccio, D., Tran, K.T., Visoki, E. et al. (2024) Probing the digital exposome: associations of social media use patterns with youth mental health, NPP—Digit Psychiatry Neurosci 2, 5 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44277-024-00006-9, https://www.nature.com/articles/s44277-024-00006-9?fromPaywallRec=true#citeas
Chang MLY, Lee IO (2024) Functional connectivity changes in the brain of adolescents with internet addiction: A systematic literature review of imaging studies. PLOS Ment Health 1(1): e0000022., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000022, https://journals.plos.org/mentalhealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmen.0000022
Renaud, K., Sengul C, Coopamootoo, K, Clift K, Taylor, J, Springett, M, Morrison B, 'We're not that gullible!' Revealing 'dark pattern' mental models of 11-12 year-old Scottish children, Computer And Information Sciences StrathCyber, https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3660342
Rodway, C., Tham, S. G., Richards, N., Ibrahim, S., Turnbull, P., Kapur, N., & Appleby, L. (2023). Online harms? Suicide-related online experience: a UK-wide case series study of young people who die by suicide. Psychological medicine, 53(10), 4434–4445. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291722001258
Chu, J., Ganson, K. T., Baker, F. C., Testa, A., Jackson, D. B., Murray, S. B., & Nagata, J. M. (2023). Screen time and suicidal behaviors among U.S. children 9-11 years old: A prospective cohort study. Preventive medicine, 169, 107452. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107452, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36805495/
Stoilova, M., Monica Bulger, M & Sonia Livingstone, S ( 2023) Do parental control tools fulfill family expectations for child protection? A rapid evidence review of the contexts and outcomes of use, Journal of Children and Media, DOI:10.1080/17482798.2023.226551: https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2023.2265512
Maza MT, Fox KA, Kwon S, et al. Association of Habitual Checking Behaviors on Social Media With Longitudinal Functional Brain Development (2023). JAMA Pediatr. Published online January 03, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.4924, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2799812?guestAccessKey=7fedb432-3c46-496d-be6b-e9b7394a71f2
Astorri, E., Clerici, G., Gallo, G., Raina, P., & Pellai, A. (2023). Online extreme challenges putting children at risk: what we know to date. Minerva pediatrics, 75(1), 98–109. https://doi.org/10.23736/S2724-5276.22.06892-6, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35912791/
Raney, J. H., Al-Shoaibi, A. A., Ganson, K. T., Testa, A., Jackson, D. B., Singh, G., Sajjad, O. M., & Nagata, J. M. (2023). Associations between adverse childhood experiences and early adolescent problematic screen use in the United States. BMC public health, 23(1), 1213. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16111-x, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37349707/
Nagata JM, Cortez CA, Cattle CJ, et al. (2022), Screen Time Use Among US Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. JAMA Pediatr. 2022;176(1):94–96. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.4334
Nagata, J. M., Singh, G., Sajjad, O. M., Ganson, K. T., Testa, A., Jackson, D. B., Assari, S., Murray, S. B., Bibbins-Domingo, K., & Baker, F. C. (2022). Social epidemiology of early adolescent problematic screen use in the United States. Pediatric research, 92(5), 1443–1449. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-022-02176-8, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9243697/pdf/41390_2022_Article_2176.pdf
Boer, M., Stevens, G. W. J. M., Finkenauer, C., & van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M. (2022). The course of problematic social media use in young adolescents: A latent class growth analysis. Child development, 93(2), e168–e187. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13712
Insol, T., Ovaska, A. K., Nurmi, J., Aaltonen, M., & Vaaranen-Valkonen, N. (2022). Risk Factors for Child Sexual Abuse Material Users Contacting Children Online: Results of an Anonymous Multilingual Survey on the Dark Web. Journal of Online Trust and Safety, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.54501/jots.v1i2.29National
Association of Attorneys General (2021, May 10), Re : Facebook’s Plans to Develop Instagram for Children Under the Age of 13, https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20702192/naag-letter-to-facebook-on-ig-kids.pdf
Boers, E., Afzali, M., Conrod, P. (2020).A longitudinal study on the relationship between screen time and adolescent alcohol use: The mediating role of social norms, Preventive Medicine, Volume 132, 105992, ISSN 0091-7435, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.105992, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31954144/
Wilksch, S. M., O'Shea, A., Ho, P., Byrne, S., & Wade, T. D. (2020). The relationship between social media use and disordered eating in young adolescents. The International journal of eating disorders, 53(1), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23198, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31797420/
Murphy, G., Corcoran, C., Tatlow-Golden, M., Boyland, E., & Rooney, B. (2020). See, Like, Share, Remember: Adolescents' Responses to Unhealthy-, Healthy- and Non-Food Advertising in Social Media. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(7), 2181. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072181
Chi, X., Hong, X., & Chen, X. (2020). Profiles and sociodemographic correlates of Internet addiction in early adolescents in southern China. Addictive Behaviors, 106, Article 106385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106385
Tripathi, M., Mishra, S.K. (2020) Screen time and adiposity among children and adolescents: a systematic review. J Public Health (Berl.) 28, 227–244 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-019-01043-x
Boers E, Afzali MH, Newton N, Conrod P. Association of Screen Time and Depression in Adolescence (2019). JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(9):853–859. doi:10.1001/, jamapediatrics.2019.1759, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/2737909
Booker, C.L., Kelly, Y.J. & Sacker, A. Gender differences in the associations between age trends of social media interaction and well-being among 10-15 year olds in the UK (2018). BMC Public Health 18, 321. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5220-4, https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-018-5220-4.pdf
Baumgartner, S., van der Schuur, W., Lemmens, J., te Poel, F. (2017), The Relationship Between Media Multitasking and Attention Problems in Adolescents: Results of Two Longitudinal Studies, Human Communication Research, https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2019-28214-001
Ciarrochi, J., Parker, P., Sahdra, B., Marshall, S., Jackson, C., Gloster, A. T., & Heaven, P. (2016). The development of compulsive internet use and mental health: A four-year study of adolescence. Developmental psychology, 52(2), 272–283. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000070
Park, S., Hong, K. E., Park, E. J., Ha, K. S., & Yoo, H. J. (2013). The association between problematic internet use and depression, suicidal ideation and bipolar disorder symptoms in Korean adolescents. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 47(2), 153–159. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867412463613
Gentile, D. A., Choo, H., Liau, A., Sim, T., Li, D., Fung, D., & Khoo, A. (2011). Pathological video game use among youths: a two-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics, 127(2), e319–e329. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1353

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Center of Excellence for Social Media & Youth Mental Health

The 5 Cs of Media Use, Parent Guides for

Young Teens can be found here.