Social Media Harms
Social Media Harms
  • Home
  • About Us
  • References
    • Adult- Depression/Anxiety
    • Teens 14-18 Years
    • Tweens 10-13 Years
    • Children 9 & Younger
    • Online Exploitation
  • Media
    • Medium Blog
    • Podcasts
    • Videos - Social Media
    • Articles-Youth
    • Articles- Perspectives
    • Articles - Technology
    • Articles - Mental Health
    • Articles-Politics
    • Books
    • Videos - Technology
  • Activist Links
    • Youth Activist Orgs
    • Tech-Trust & Safety
    • White Papers
  • More
    • Home
    • About Us
    • References
      • Adult- Depression/Anxiety
      • Teens 14-18 Years
      • Tweens 10-13 Years
      • Children 9 & Younger
      • Online Exploitation
    • Media
      • Medium Blog
      • Podcasts
      • Videos - Social Media
      • Articles-Youth
      • Articles- Perspectives
      • Articles - Technology
      • Articles - Mental Health
      • Articles-Politics
      • Books
      • Videos - Technology
    • Activist Links
      • Youth Activist Orgs
      • Tech-Trust & Safety
      • White Papers
  • Home
  • About Us
  • References
    • Adult- Depression/Anxiety
    • Teens 14-18 Years
    • Tweens 10-13 Years
    • Children 9 & Younger
    • Online Exploitation
  • Media
    • Medium Blog
    • Podcasts
    • Videos - Social Media
    • Articles-Youth
    • Articles- Perspectives
    • Articles - Technology
    • Articles - Mental Health
    • Articles-Politics
    • Books
    • Videos - Technology
  • Activist Links
    • Youth Activist Orgs
    • Tech-Trust & Safety
    • White Papers

Adult Depression-Anxiety-Emotional Contagion

 

 

  1. Griffiths, S., Harris, E., Whitehead, G., Angelopoulos, F., Stone, B., Grey, W., Dennis, S. (2024), Does TikTok contribute to eating disorders? A comparison of the TikTok algorithms belonging to individuals with eating disorders versus healthy controls, Body Image, Volume 51, 101807, ISSN 1740-1445, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101807.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1740144524001293 
  2. Bojanić, L., Turnbull, P., Saied Ibrahim, S. et al (2024), Suicide-related internet use among mental health patients who died by suicide in the UK: a national clinical survey with case–control analysis, The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Volume 44, 2024, 100991, ISSN 2666-7762, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.100991, (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666776224001583), https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666776224001583
  3. Du, M., Zhao, C., Hu, H., Ding, N., He, J.,  Tian, W., Zhao, W., Lin, X., Liu, G., Chen, W., Wang, S., Wang, P., Xu,  D., Shen, X., & Zhang, G. (2024). Association between problematic  social networking use and anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and  meta-analysis. BMC psychology, 12(1), 263. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01705-w
  4. Shannon, H., Bush, K., Shvetz, C., Paquin,  V., Morency, J., Hellemans, K. G. C., & Guimond, S. (2024).  Longitudinal Problematic Social Media Use in Students and Its  Association with Negative Mental Health Outcomes. Psychology research and behavior management, 17, 1551–1560. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S450217
  5. Koh, G. K., Ow Yong, J. Q. Y., Lee, A. R. Y.  B., Ong, B. S. Y., Yau, C. E., Ho, C. S. H., & Goh, Y. S. (2024).  Social media use and its impact on adult's mental health and well-being:  A scoping review. Worldviews on evidence-based nursing, 10.1111/wvn.12727. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12727, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38736207/
  6. Dane, A., & Bhatia, K. (2023). The social  media diet: A scoping review to investigate the association between  social media, body image and eating disorders amongst young people. PLOS global public health, 3(3), e0001091. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001091
  7. Gori,  A., & Topino, E. (2023). The Association between Alexithymia and  Social Media Addiction: Exploring the Role of Dysmorphic Symptoms,  Symptoms Interference, and Self-Esteem, Controlling for Age and Gender. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13. https://www.semanticscholar.org/reader/f71b1b223ef2fe69bfe5d20c226ead6102f56379
  8. Karakose, T., Yıldırım, B., Tülübaş, T.,  & Kardas, A. (2023). A comprehensive review on emerging trends in  the dynamic evolution of digital addiction and depression. Frontiers in psychology, 14, 1126815. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1126815
  9. Camerini, Anne-Linda & Morlino, Susanna & Marciano, Laura. (2023). Boredom and digital media use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior Reports. 11. 100313. 10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100313. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371743647_Boredom_and_digital_media_use_A_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis
  10. Allcott, H., Gentzkow, M. ,Song, L. (2022), Digital Addiction, American Economic Review, Vol. 112, No. 7: Pages 2424-2463, https://www.nber.org/papers/w28936 
  11. Braghieri, Luca, Ro'ee Levy, and Alexey Makarin (2022), Social Media and Mental Health,  American Economic Review, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31509167/
  12. Randomized Controlled Experiment, Lambert, J., Barnstable, B., Minter, E., Cooper, J.,  McEwan. D., Taking a One-Week Break from Social Media Improves Well-Being, Depression, and Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2022), Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, .287-293.http://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2021.0324, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/cyber.2021.0324 
  13. Sánchez-Fernández, M., & Borda-Mas, M.  (2022). Problematic smartphone use and specific problematic Internet  uses among university students and associated predictive factors: a  systematic review. Education and information technologies, 1–94. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11437-2
  14. Chang, C. W., Huang, R. Y., Strong, C., Lin, Y. C., Tsai, M. C., Chen, I. H., Lin, C. Y., Pakpour, A. H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). Reciprocal Relationships Between Problematic Social Media Use, Problematic Gaming, and Psychological Distress Among University Students: A 9-Month Longitudinal Study. Frontiers in public health, 10, 858482. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.858482
  15. Keating, S. R., & Rudd-Arieta, M. (2021). Emerging Adults' Attitudes and Beliefs About Suicide and Technology/Social Media. The journal for nurse practitioners : JNP, 17(7), 833–839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2021.04.010
  16. Sela, Y.; Lev Bar-Or, R.; Kor, A.; Lev-Ran, S (2021). The internet addiction  test: Psychometric properties, socio-demographic risk factors and  addictive co-morbidities in a large adult sample. Addict. Behav., 122, 107023. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  17. Luo, T., Qin, L., Cheng, L., Wang, S., Zhu,  Z., Xu, J., Chen, H., Liu, Q., Hu, M., Tong, J., Hao, W., Wei, B., &  Liao, Y. (2021). Determination the cut-off point for the Bergen social  media addiction (BSMAS): Diagnostic contribution of the six criteria of  the components model of addiction for social media disorder. Journal of behavioral addictions, 10(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00025
  18. Haidt, J., & Twenge, J. (2021). Social media and mental health: A collaborative review. Unpublished manuscript, New York University. Accessed at tinyurl.com/SocialMediaMentalHealthReview 
  19. Fioravanti,G., Casale, S.,  et al (2021) Fear of missing out and social networking sites use and abuse: A meta-analysis, Computers in Human Behavior, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106839.
  20. AlHamad, N. S., & AlAmri, K. (2021). The association between social media use and depressive symptoms among adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 10(9), 3336–3342. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_697_21
  21. Randomized Controlled Experiment. Primack et al., “Temporal Associations Between Social Media Use and Depression.” (2021), American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Volume 60, ISSUE 2, P179-188, February 01, 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.09.014, https://www.ajpmonline.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0749-3797%2820%2930447-5
  22. Bettmann, J.E., Anstadt, G., Casselman, B. et al. (2021) Young Adult Depression and Anxiety Linked to Social Media Use: Assessment and Treatment.  Clin Soc Work,  J 49, 368–379 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-020-00752-1
  23. Atari, M. & Mostafazadeh D., Aida & Kogon, D & K, Brendan & Saxena, N & A, Ian & Dehghani, M. (2021). Morally Homogeneous Networks and Radicalism. Social Psychological and Personality Science. 194855062110593. 10.1177/19485506211059329, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357111721_Morally_Homogeneous_Networks_and_Radicalism
  24. Sun Y, Zhang Y. A review of theories and models applied in studies of social media addiction and implications for future research (2021). Addictive Behaviors. 2021 Mar;114:106699. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106699. Epub 2020 Oct 10. PMID: 33268185. Prepublication
  25. Cunningham S, Hudson CC, Harkness K. (2021, Feb), Social Media and Depression Symptoms: a Meta-Analysis. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol,(2021) Feb;49(2):241-253. doi: 10.1007/s10802-020-00715-7. Epub 2021 Jan 6. PMID: 33404948.
  26. Şalvarlı, Ş, Griffiths, M. (2021), Internet Gaming Disorder and Its Associated Personality Traits: A Systematic Review Using PRISMA Guidelines, International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11469-019-00081-6#citeas
  27. Taylor-Jackson, Jacqui & Moustafa, Ahmed. (2021). The relationships between social media use and factors relating to depression. 10.1016/B978-0-12-817676-4.00010-9.  
  28. Duong, X. L., Liaw, S. Y., & Augustin, J.  P. M. (2020). How has Internet Addiction been Tracked Over the Last  Decade? A Literature Review and 3C Paradigm for Future Research. International journal of preventive medicine, 11, 175. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_212_20
  29. Meier, A., & Reinecke, L. (2021). Computer-Mediated Communication, Social Media, and Mental Health: A Conceptual and Empirical Meta-Review. Communication Research, 48(8), 1182-1209. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650220958224
  30. Randomized Controlled Experiment.  Ozimek, P.,  Bierhoff. H-W (2020) All my online-friends are better than me – three  studies about ability-based comparative social media use, self-esteem,  and depressive tendencies, Behaviour & Information Technology, 39:10, 1110-1123, DOI: 10.1080/0144929X.2019.1642385,  https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0144929X.2019.1642385?scroll=top&needAccess=true&role=tab
  31. Burhan,  R., & Moradzadeh, J. (2020). Neurotransmitter Dopamine (DA) and its  Role in the Development of Social Media Addiction. Journal of Neurology and Neurophysiology, 11, 1-2.https://docslib.org/doc/7719096/da-and-its-role-in-the-development-of-social-media-addiction
  32. Prichard, I., Kavanagh, E., Mulgrew, K. E.,  Lim, M. S. C., & Tiggemann, M. (2020). The effect of Instagram  #fitspiration images on young women's mood, body image, and exercise  behaviour. Body image, 33, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.002
  33. Clavier T, Popoff B, Selim J, Beuzelin M, Roussel M, Compere V, Veber B, Besnier E., Association of Social Network Use With Increased Anxiety Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Emergency Medicine Teams: Cross-Sectional Web-Based Survey Study (2020). JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020 Sep 24;8(9):e23153. doi: 10.2196/23153. PMID: 32924946; PMCID: PMC7518883. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7518883/
  34. Tibber, M., Zhao, J., & Butler, S. (2020). The association between self-esteem and dimensions and classes of cross-platform social media use in a sample of emerging adults - Evidence from regression and latent class analyses. Comput. Hum. Behav., 109, 106371. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319396436_Impact_of_Social_Media_on_Self-Esteem
  35. Burhan, R., Moradzodeh, J. (2020), Neurotransmitter Dopamine (DA) and its Role in the Development of Social Media Addiction, Journal of Neurology & Neurophysiology, Vol 11, Isue 7, 507. https://www.iomcworld.org/open-access/neurotransmitter-dopamine-da-and-its-role-in-the-development-of-social-media-addiction.pdf
  36. Randomized Controlled Experiment.  Allcott, Hunt, Luca Braghieri, Sarah Eichmeyer, and Matthew Gentzkow, (2020) "The Welfare Effects of Social Media., American Economic Review, https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20190658
  37. Müller, K. & Schwarz, C. (2020, Oct). Fanning the Flames of Hate: Social Media and Hate Crime. Journal of the European Economic Association. 19. 10.1093/jeea/jvaa045. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346110180_Fanning_the_Flames_of_Hate_Social_Media_and_Hate_Crime
  38. Small, G. W., Lee, J., Kaufman, A., Jalil, J., Siddarth, P., Gaddipati,  H., Moody, T. D., & Bookheimer, S. Y. (2020). Brain health  consequences of digital technology use
. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 22(2), 179–187. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.2/gsmallFranco, 
  39. Randomized Controlled Experiment. Engeln, R., Loach, R.,Imundo, M.,Zola, A. (2020), Compared to Facebook, Instagram use causes more appearance comparison and lower body satisfaction in college women, Body Image, Volume 34, Pages 38-45,ISSN 1740-1445, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.04.007. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1740144519303754)
  40. Franco JA, Carrier, LM. Social media use and depression, anxiety, and stress in Latinos: A correlational study (2020). Hum Behav & Emerg Tech. 2020; 2: 227– 241. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.205
  41. Nguyen, Tuan & Lin, Kuan-Han & Rahman, Ferry & Ou, Jenho-Peter & Wong, Wing-Keung. (2020) Study of  Depression, Anxiety and Social Media Addiction Among Undergraduate Students. International Journal of Information and Decision Sciences. 23. 257-276.  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344629425_STUDY_OF_DEPRESSION_ANXIETY_AND_SOCIAL_MEDIA_ADDICTION_AMONG_UNDERGRADUATE_STUDENTS
  42. Saiphoo, A., Halevi, L.D., & Vahedi, Z. Social networking site use and self-esteem: A meta-analytic review (2020). Personality and Individual Differences, 153, 109639. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886919305719?via%3Dihub
  43. lsunni, Ahmed & Latif, Rabia. (2020). Higher emotional investment in social media is related to anxiety and depression in university students. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.11.004. https://www.researchgate.net/publication347720831_Higher_emotional_investment_in_social_media_is_related_to_anxiety_and_depression_in_university_students
  44. Brailovskaia J, Teismann T, Margraf J. Positive Mental Health Mediates the Relationship Between Facebook Addiction Disorder and Suicide-Related Outcomes: A Longitudinal Approach (2020). Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2020 May;23(5):346-350. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2019.0563. Epub 2020 Mar 27. PMID: 32216638.
  45. Randomized Controlled Experiment, Mosquera, R., Odunowo, M., McNamara, T. et al. The economic effects of Facebook.  Exp Econ 23, 575–602 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-019-09625-y, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10683-019-09625-y#citeas
  46. Royal Society of Public Health, U.K., All Party Parliamentary Group on Social Media  and Young People’s Mental Health and Wellbeing Inquiry, “Managing the Impact of Social Media on  Young People’s Mental Health and Wellbeing”(2019)  #NewFilters study, https://www.rsph.org.uk/static/uploaded/23180e2a-e6b8-4e8d-9e3da2a300525c98.pdfVahedi
  47. Hetrick, S. E., Subasinghe, A., Anglin, K.,  Hart, L., Morgan, A., & Robinson, J. (2020). Understanding the Needs  of Young People Who Engage in Self-Harm: A Qualitative Investigation. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 2916. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02916
  48. Picardo, J., McKenzie, S. K., Collings, S.,  & Jenkin, G. (2020). Suicide and self-harm content on Instagram: A  systematic scoping review. PloS one, 15(9), e0238603. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238603
  49. Sidani, J. E., Shensa, A., Hoffman, B.,  Hanmer, J., & Primack, B. A. (2016). The Association between Social  Media Use and Eating Concerns among US Young Adults. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 116(9), 1465–1472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2016.03.021
  50. Humprecht, E., Hellmueller, L., & Lischka, J. A. (2020). Hostile Emotions in News Comments: A Cross-National Analysis of Facebook Discussions. Social Media + Society, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120912481
  51. Randomized Controlled Experiment.  Yuen, E. ,Koterba, E., Stasio, M., Patrick, R., Gangi, C., Ash, Philip, Barakat,  K. , Greene, V.,  Hamilton, William, M, Briana (2019), The Effects of Facebook on Mood in Emerging Adults, Psychology of Popular Media Culture,  Vol 8(3), 198-206, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322590451_The_Effects_of_Facebook_on_Mood_in_Emerging_Adults
  52.  Burnell, K., George, M. J., Vollet, J. W., Ehrenreich, S. E., &  Underwood, M. K. (2019). Passive social networking site use and  well-being: The mediating roles of social comparison and the fear of  missing out. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 13(3), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2019-3-5
  53.  Zahra & Dahoah Halevi, Lilach. (2020). Social Networking Site Use and Self-Esteem: A Meta-Analytic Review. Personality and Individual Differences,Volume 153,109639, ISSN 0191-8869, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109639. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886919305719
  54. Arendt F, Scherr S, Romer D. (2019), Effects of exposure to self-harm on social media: Evidence from a two-wave panel study among young adults. New Media & Society. 2019;21(11-12):2422-2442. doi:10.1177/1461444819850106,
  55. Randomized Controlled Experiment,  Sherlock, M., & Wagstaff, D. L. (2019). Exploring the relationship between frequency of Instagram use, exposure to idealized images, and psychological well-being in women. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(4), 482–490. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000182, https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fppm0000182
  56. Robinson, A,  Bonnette, A,  Howard, K, et al.  Social  comparisons, social media addiction, and social interaction: An  examination of specific social media behaviors related to major  depressive disorder in a millennial population (2019). J Appl Behav Res.  2019; 24:e12158. https://doi.org/10.1111/jabr.12158,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jabr.12158 .
  57. Shensa A, Sidani JE, Dew MA, Escobar-Viera CG, Primack BA (2018). Social Media Use and Depression and Anxiety Symptoms: A Cluster Analysis, Am J Health Behav. 2018 Mar 1;42
  58. Błachnio, A., Przepiórka, A., Gorbaniuk, O.,  Benvenuti, M., Ciobanu, A. M., Senol-Durak, E., Durak, M., Giannakos, M.  N., Mazzoni, E., Pappas, I. O., Popa, C., Seidman, G., Wu, A. M. S.,  Yu, S., & Ben-Ezra, M. (2019). Cultural Correlates of Internet  Addiction. Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking, 22(4), 258–263. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2018.0667
  59. Faelens, L.,  Hoorelbeke,K, Fried, E., De Raedt, R., Koster, E (2019), Negative influences of Facebook use through the lens of network analysis, Computers in Human Behavior, Volume 96, Pages 13-22,ISSN 0747-5632, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.02.002. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563219300548)
  60. Randomized Controlled Experiment.  Vanman, E., Baker, R., Tobin S.,  (2018) The burden of online friends: The effects of giving up Facebook on stress and well-being, The Journal of Social Psychology, 158:4, 496-508, DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2018.1453467,  https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00224545.2018.1453467?journalCode=vsoc20
  61. Randomized Controlled Experiment. Hunt. MG, Marx, R, et al, No More FOMO: Limiting Social Media Decreases Loneliness and Depression (2018), Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, P 751-768, 37 N 10 10.1521/jscp.2018.37.10.751, https://guilfordjournals.com/doi/abs/10.1521/jscp.2018.37.10.751
  62. Claudia Marino, Gianluca Gini, Alessio Vieno, and Marcantonio M. Spada (2018),  A comprehensive meta-analysis on Problematic Facebook Use (2018). Comput. Hum. Behav. 83, C (June 2018), 262–277. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.02.0092):116-128. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.42.2.11. PMID: 29458520; PMCID: PMC5904786
  63. Primack, BA, Bisbey, MA, Shensa, A, et al. The association between valence of social media experiences and depressive symptoms (2018). Depress Anxiety. 2018; 35: 784– 794. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22779   
  64. Rothen S, Briefer JF, Deleuze J, et al. Disentangling the role of users' preferences and impulsivity traits in problematic Facebook use. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0201971. Published 2018 Sep 5. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201971, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6124717/pdf/pone.0201971.pdf
  65. Sherman, L. E., Hernandez, L. M., Greenfield, P. M., & Dapretto, M. (2018). What the brain 'Likes': neural correlates of providing feedback on social media. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 13(7), 699–707. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy051, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29982823/
  66. Shakya HB, Christakis NA (2017). Association of Facebook Use With Compromised Well-Being: A Longitudinal Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2017 Feb 1;185(3):203-211. doi: 10.1093/aje/kww189. PMID: 28093386. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28093386/
  67. Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Dew, M. A.,  Escobar-Viera, C. G., & Primack, B. A. (2018). Social Media Use and  Depression and Anxiety Symptoms: A Cluster Analysis. American journal of health behavior, 42(2), 116–128. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.42.2.11
  68. Vannucci A, Flannery KM, Ohannessian CM (2017). Social media use and anxiety in emerging adults, J Affect Disord. 2017 Jan 1;207:163-166. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.040. Epub 2016 Oct 3. PMID: 27723539.
  69. Primack, B & Shensa, A et al (2017). Social Media Use and Perceived Social Isolation Among Young Adults in the U.S. (2017) American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 53. 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.010. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314258481_Social_Media_Use_and_Perceived_Social_Isolation_Among_Young_Adults_in_the_US/link/5bc62ddf299bf17a1c55cd36/download
  70. Sabatini, F., and Sarracino, F. (2017) Online Networks and Subjective Well Being. Kyklos, 70: 456– 480. doi: 10.1111/kykl.12145. 
  71. Park, Sun & Baek, Young. (2017). Two Faces of Social Comparison on Facebook: The Interplay Between Social Comparison Orientation, Emotions, and Psychological Well-being. Computers in Human Behavior. 79. 10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.028.  
  72. Brailovskaia J, Margraf J. (2017) Facebook Addiction Disorder (FAD) among German students-A longitudinal approach. PLoS One. 2017 Dec 14;12(12):e0189719. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189719. PMID: 29240823; PMCID: PMC5730190. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5730190/pdf/pone.0189719.pdf
  73. Cohen, R., Newton-John, T., & Slater, A.  (2017). The relationship between Facebook and Instagram  appearance-focused activities and body image concerns in young women. Body image, 23, 183–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.10.002
  74. Shensa A, Escobar-Viera CG, Sidani JE, Bowman ND, Marshal MP, Primack BA (2017) Problematic social media use and depressive symptoms among U.S. young adults: A nationally-representative study. Soc Sci Med. 2017 Jun;182:150-157. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.03.061. Epub 2017 Apr 24. PMID: 28446367; PMCID: PMC5476225.
  75. Nickolas M. Jonesa, N. M., Thompsona, R. R.,  Schetterb, C.D. & Silvera, R. C. (2017) Distress and rumor exposure on social media during a campus lockdown. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1708518114
  76. Shakya, H. B., & Christakis, N. A. (2017). Association of Facebook Use With Compromised Well-Being: A Longitudinal Study. American journal of epidemiology, 185(3), 203–211. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kww189, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28093386/
  77. Matar Boumosleh, Jocelyne & Jaalouk, Doris. (2017). Depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in university students- A cross sectional study. PLoS ONE. 12. 10.1371/journal.pone.0182239.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319113226_Depression_anxiety_and_smartphone_addiction_in_university_students-_A_cross_sectional_study
  78. Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14, 1-17. doi:10.3390/ijerph14030311
  79. Valenzuela, S., Piña, M., & Ramírez, J.  (2017). Behavioral effects of framing on social media users: How  conflict, economic, human interest, and morality frames drive news  sharing. Journal of Communication, 67(5), 803–826. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12325
  80. Brady, William & Wills, Julian & Jost, John & Tucker, Joshua & Van Bavel, Jay. (2017). Emotion shapes the diffusion of moralized content in social networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114. 201618923. 10.1073/pnas.1618923114. 
  81. Seabrook, E. M., Kern, M. L., & Rickard, N. S. (2016). Social Networking Sites, Depression, and Anxiety: A Systematic Review. JMIR mental health, 3(4), e50. https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.5842, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27881357/
  82. Lin, L.Y., Sidani, J.E., Shensa, A., Radovic, A., Miller, E., Colditz, J.B., Hoffman, B.L., Giles, L.M. and Primack, B.A. (2016), Association Between Social Media Use and Depression Among U.S. Young Adults. Depress Anxiety, 33: 323-331. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22466
  83. De-Sola Gutiérrez, J., Rodríguez de Fonseca, F., & Rubio, G. (2016). Cell-Phone Addiction: A Review. Frontiers in psychiatry, 7, 175. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00175
  84. Beyens, Ine & Frison, Eline & Eggermont, Steven. (2016). “I don’t want to miss a thing”: Adolescents’ fear of missing out and its relationship to adolescents’ social needs, Facebook use, and Facebook related stress. Computers in Human Behavior. 64. 1-8. 10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.083.  
  85. Appel, H., Crusius J. & Gerlach A (2016) The interplay between Facebook use, social comparison, envy, and depression,  Current Opinion in Psychology  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.10.006, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284002412_The_interplay_between_Facebook_use_social_comparison_envy_and_depression
  86. Tromholt M. (2016). The Facebook Experiment: Quitting Facebook Leads to Higher Levels of Well-Being. Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking, 19(11), 661–666. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0259
  87. Holland, Grace & Tiggemann, Marika. (2016). A systematic review of the impact of the use of social networking sites on body image and disordered eating outcomes. Body Image. 17. 100-110. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.02.008. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298794212_A_systematic_review_of_the_impact_of_the_use_of_social_networking_sites_on_body_image_and_disordered_eating_outcomes
  88. Terry, C., & Cain, J. (2016). The Emerging Issue of Digital Empathy. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 80(4), 58. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe80458
  89. Vogel EA, Rose JP, Okdie BM, Eckles K, Franz B (2015),Who compares and despairs? The effect of social comparison orientation on social media use and its outcomes, Personality and Individual Differences,Volume 86, Pages 249-256, ISSN 0
  90. Lee-Won RJ, Herzog L, Park SG. (2015)  Hooked on Facebook: The Role of Social Anxiety and Need for Social Assurance in Problematic Use of Facebook. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2015 Oct;18(10):567-74. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2015.0002. Epub 2015 Sep 18. PMID: 26383178.
  91. Krasnova, Hanna & Widjaja, Thomas & Buxmann, Peter & Wenninger, Helena & Benbasat, Izak. (2015). Research Note—Why Following Friends Can Hurt You: An Exploratory Investigation of the Effects of Envy on Social Networking Sites among College-Age Users. Information Systems Research. 26. 585–605. 10.1287/isre.2015.0588. 
  92. Malik S, Khan M. (2015) Impact of facebook addiction  on narcissistic behavior and self-esteem among students. J Pak Med  Assoc. 2015 Mar;65(3):260-3. PMID: 25933557.
  93. Ferrara, Emilio & Yang, Zeyao. (2015). Measuring Emotional Contagion in Social Media. PLOS ONE. 10. 10.1371/journal.pone.0142390.  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0142390
  94. Fardouly J; Diedrichs PC; Vartanian LR; Halliwell E (2015). Social comparisons on social media: the impact of Facebook on young women's body image concerns and mood.    Body Image; 13:38-45 (ISSN: 1873-6807)
  95. World Health Organization.  Public Health Implications of Excessive Use of the Internet, Computers, Smartphones and Similar Electronic Devices Meeting Report (2014), https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241509367
  96. Vogel E ,  Rose, J,  Roberts & Eckles (2014). Social comparison, social media, and self-esteem. Psychology of Popular Media Culture. 3. 206-222. 10.1037/ppm0000047. 
  97. Kramer, A.D, Guillory, J.E., Hancock, J. T., Emotional contagion through social networks (2014), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111 (24) 8788-8790; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1320040111,  https://www.pnas.org/content/111/24/8788
  98. Mai-Ly N. Steers, Robert E. Wickham, Linda K. Acitelli (2014). Seeing Everyone Else's Highlight Reels: How Facebook Usage is Linked to Depressive Symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2014; 33 (8): 701 DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2014.33.8.701
  99. Hong F-Y, Huang D-H, LinH-Y, ChiuS-L. Analysis of the psychological traits, Facebook usage,and Facebook addiction model of Taiwanese university students (2014).Telematics and Informatics .2014;31(4):597–606.Volume 31, Issue 4,2014,Pages 597-606, ISSN 0736-5853, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2014.01.001.
  100. Randomized Controlled Experiment. Sagioglou, C. & Greitemeyer, T. (2014). Facebook’s emotional consequences: Why Facebook causes a decrease in mood and why people still use it. Computers in Human Behavior. 35. 359–363. 10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.003.  
  101. M. Faraon and M. Kaipainen, "Much more to it: The relation between facebook usage and self-esteem," (2014)  Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 15th International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IEEE IRI 2014), Redwood City, CA,, pp. 87-92, doi: 10.1109/IRI.2014.7051876.
  102. Andreassen, C. S., & Pallesen, S. (2014). Social network site addiction: An overview. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 20, 4053-4061
  103. Satici, Begum & Saricali, Mehmet & Satici, Seydi Ahmet & Eraslan-Capan, Bahtiyar. (2014). Social competence and psychological vulnerability as predictors of Facebook addiction. Studia psychologica. 56. 301-308. 10.21909/sp.2014.04.738. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Seydi-Ahmet-Satici/publication/271824827_Social_competence_and_psychological_vulnerability_as_predictors_of_Facebook_addiction/links/54d2110a0cf28370d0e1a5ca/Social-competence-and-psychological-vulnerability-as-predictors-of-Facebook-addiction.pdf?origin=publication_detail
  104. Yao, M.Z.; Zhong, Z. Lonliness, social contact and internet addiction: A cross-lagged panel study (2014), Compt. Hum. Behav. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0747563213003063
  105. Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D. S., Lin, N., Shablack, H., Jonides, J., & Ybarra, O. (2013). Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults. PloS one, 8(8), e69841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069841
  106. Chou, H. T., & Edge, N. (2012). "They are  happier and having better lives than I am": the impact of using  Facebook on perceptions of others' lives. Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking, 15(2), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2011.0324
  107. Young, K. S., & de Abreu, C. N. (Eds.). (2011). Internet addiction: A handbook and guide to evaluation and treatment. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  108. Kim, J., LaRose, R., & Peng, W. (2009).  Loneliness as the cause and the effect of problematic Internet use: the  relationship between Internet use and psychological well-being. Cyberpsychology & behavior : the impact of the Internet, multimedia and virtual reality on behavior and society, 12(4), 451–455. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2008.0327
  109. Suler, John. (2004). The Online Disinhibition Effect. Cyberpsychology & behavior : the impact of the Internet, multimedia and virtual reality on behavior and society. 7. 321-6. 10.1089/1094931041291295.
  110.  Young KS. (1998) Internet addiction: the emergence of a new clinical disorder.
    CyberPsychol Behav. 1:237–44. doi: 10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237

Internet Addiction

Duong, XL,  et al in their 2020 Int J Prev Med study "How has internet addiction been tracked over the last decade?  A literature review a 3C paradigm for future research" provides the following information gathered from 826 research articles:

*Internet addiction: an impulse-control disorder of internet use having detrimental impact on daily life functions, family relationships, and emotional stability.  Examples: addictive usage of social networking sites (SNS) e.g. Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat; online shopping addiction; internet pornography addiction; gambling disorders

*Global pooled prevalence in the general population- 6%

*Psychiatric Comorbidities include psychiatric symptoms such as:

personality disorders, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), hostility, anxiety, loneliness, low self esteem, poor self-control, impulsivity, depression, alexithymia (inability to identify and describe personally experienced emotions) and sensation-seeking and

High comorbidity with psychiatric disorders such as: anxiety disorder, problem gambling, suicidal ideation, self-injurious and risk-taking behaviors, eating disorders and obesity-related problems

*Internet addiction was positively related to economic  well-being, social progress, and human development as well as negatively  related to human well-being, health, safety, and security. (Blachino, et al, Cultural correlates of Internet Addiction, Cyperpsychol Behav Soc Netw)


Social Media Harms

Copyright © 2021 Social Media Harms - All Rights Reserved.

Powered by GoDaddy