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    • Home
    • About Us
    • References
      • Adult- Depression/Anxiety
      • Teens 14-18 Years
      • Tweens 10-13 Years
      • Children 9 & Younger
      • Cyberbullying
    • Articles/Blog/Podcasts
      • Articles - Technology
      • Articles - Mental Health
      • Articles- Perspectives
      • Articles- Youth Harms
      • Articles-Politics
      • Books
      • Medium Blog
      • Podcasts
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      • Videos - Technology
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      • Activist Organizations
    • Solutions
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Social Media Harms

Social Media HarmsSocial Media HarmsSocial Media Harms
  • Home
  • About Us
  • References
    • Adult- Depression/Anxiety
    • Teens 14-18 Years
    • Tweens 10-13 Years
    • Children 9 & Younger
    • Cyberbullying
  • Articles/Blog/Podcasts
    • Articles - Technology
    • Articles - Mental Health
    • Articles- Perspectives
    • Articles- Youth Harms
    • Articles-Politics
    • Books
    • Medium Blog
    • Podcasts
    • Videos - Social Media
    • Videos - Technology
  • Links
    • Activist Organizations
  • Solutions
    • United States
    • International

References - Teens 14-18 Years

 

  1. Marciano, L., Schulz, P., Camerini, AL (2022), How do depression, duration of internet use and social connection in adolescence influence each other over time? An extension of the RI-CLPM including contextual factors,Computers in Human Behavior, Volume 136, 107390, ISSN 0747-5632, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107390. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563222002126)
  2. Giordano, A., Lundeen, L., Wester, K.,  Lee, J., Vickers, S., Schmit, M., Kim, I. K. (2022). Nonsuicidal Self-Injury on Instagram: Examining Hashtag Trends, International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354941736_Nonsuicidal_Self-Injury_on_Instagram_Examining_Hashtag_Trends
  3. Pre-Print, may not be peer-reviewed, Valkenburg, P.M., Beyens, I., Meier, A., & Vanden Abeele, Mariek M. P. (2022), Advancing Our Understanding of the Associations Between
    Social Media Use and Well-Being. Current Opinion in Psychology, 45, 101357 doi:
    10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.10135,  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361063200_Advancing_Our_Underst
  4. Haidt, J., & Twenge, J. (2021). Adolescent mood disorders since 2010: A collaborative review. Unpublished manuscript, New York University. Accessed at: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1diMvsMeRphUH7E6D1d_J7R6WbDdgnzFHDHPx9HXzR5o/edit
  5. Valkenburg, P., Beyens, I., Pouwels, J. L.,  Driel, I., Keijsers, L (2021). Social Media Browsing and Adolescent Well-Being: Challenging the “Passive Social Media Use Hypothesis”. 10.31234/osf.io/gzu3y. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348345356_Social_Media_Browsing_and_Adolescent_Well-Being_Challenging_the_Passive_Social_Media_Use_Hypothesis
  6. Giordano, A. L.,  Prosek, E. A. &  Watson, J.C. (2021).  Understanding Adolescent Cyberbullies: Exploring Social Media Addiction and Psychological Factors, Journal of Child and Adolescent Counseling, 7 (1), 10.1080/23727810.2020.1835420,          https://doi.org/10.1080/23727810.2020.183542
  7. Nesi, J., Burke, T., Lawrence, H., MacPherson, H., Spirito, A., Wolff, J. (2021), Online Self-Injury Activities among Psychiatrically Hospitalized Adolescents: Prevalence, Functions, and Perceived Consequences, Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology. 49. 10.1007/s10802-020-00734-4,  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348278178_Online_Self-Injury_Activities_among_Psychiatrically_Hospitalized_Adolescents_Prevalence_Functions_and_Perceived_Consequences
  8. Nesi, J., Burke, T. A., Bettis, A. H.,  Kudinova, A. Y., Thompson, E. C., MacPherson, H. A., Fox, K. A.,  Lawrence, H. R., Thomas, S. A., Wolff, J. C., Altemus, M. K., Soriano,  S., & Liu, R. T. (2021). Social media use and self-injurious  thoughts and behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical psychology review, 87, 102038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102038Nesi  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34034038/
  9. Twenge, J M, Haidt, J., Blake, A. , McAllister, C., Lemon, H, Le Roy, A. (2021), Worldwide increases in adolescent loneliness, Journal of Adolescence, ISSN 0140-1971, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.06.006
  10. van Duin, C.; Heinz, A.; Willems, H. (2021, Nov) Predictors of Problematic Social Media Use in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescents in Luxembourg. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph182211878
  11. Reem M.A.Shafi, R.M.A.,.Nakonezny, P.A., et al. , Altered Markers of Stress in Depressed Adolescents After Acute Social Media Use (2021), Journal of Psychiatric Research.  In Press, Journal Pre-Proof https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022395621000662
  12. Coyne, S.M., Hurst, J.L., Dyer, W.J. et al. Suicide Risk in Emerging Adulthood: Associations with Screen Time over 10 years. J Youth Adolescence (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01389-6
  13. Paakkari L, Tynjälä J, Lahti H, Ojala K, Lyyra N. (2021, Feb 15) Problematic Social Media Use and Health among Adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(4):1885. Published 2021 Feb 15. doi:10.3390/ijerph18041885
  14. Ballarotto, G., Volpi, B., & Tambelli, R. (2021). Adolescent Attachment to Parents and Peers and the Use of Instagram: The Mediation Role of Psychopathological Risk. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(8), 3965. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083965
  15. McArthur, B. A., Racine, N., McDonald, S., Tough, S., & Madigan, S. (2021). Child and family factors associated with child mental health and well-being during COVID-19. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 1–11. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01849-9
  16. EU Kids Online (2020), EU Kids Online, Survey Results from 19 Countries,  https://childhub.org/en/series-of-child-protection-materials/eu-kids-online
  17. Maartje Boer, Regina J.J.M. van den Eijnden, Meyran Boniel-Nissim, Suzy-Lai Wong, Joanna C. Inchley, Petr Badura, Wendy M. Craig, Inese Gobina, Dorota Kleszczewska, Helena J. Klanšček, Gonneke W.J.M. Stevens, Adolescents' Intense and Problematic Social Media Use and Their Well-Being in 29 Countries, Journal of Adolescent Health, Volume 66, Issue 6, Supplement, 2020, Pages S89-S99, ISSN 1054-139X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.02.014. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X20300835)
  18. Rahardjo, W., & Mulyani, I. (2020). Instagram addiction in teenagers: The role of type D personality, self-esteem, and fear of missing out. Psychology, DOI:10.21580/PJPP.V5I1.4916
  19. Ohannessian, C.M., & Vannucci, A. (2020). Social Media Use and Externalizing Behaviors During Early Adolescence. Youth & Society, 53, 871 - 893. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Social-Media-Use-and-Externalizing-Behaviors-During-Ohannessian-Vannucci/eda2a699bdfa9afe191c409c3d54318157577d54
  20. Toma, C.L., Chen, Y.A., Olson, C., Fan, T. and Brown, B.B. (2020). Youth Social Media Use and Well‐Being. The International Encyclopedia of Media Psychology,J. Bulck (Ed.). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119011071.iemp0210
  21. Twenge, Jean & Haidt, Jonathan & Joiner, Thomas & Campbell, W. Keith. (2020). Underestimating digital media harm (2020). Nature Human Behaviour. 4. 346-348. 10.1038/s41562-020-0839-4.  
  22. Appel, Markus & Marker, Caroline & Gnambs, Timo.  Are Social Media Ruining Our Lives? A Review of Meta-Analytic Evidence (2020) . Review of General Psychology. 24. 60-74. 10.1177/1089268019880891.
  23. Abi-Jaoude, E.,  Karline Treurnicht Naylor, K.  & and Pignatiello, A. (2020), Smartphones, social media use and youth mental health, Canadian Medical Association Journal, 192 (6) E136-E141; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj, https://www.cmaj.ca/content/192/6/E136
  24. Vannucci, A., Simpson, E., Gagnon, S.,Ohannessian, C. M., Social media use and risky behaviors in adolescents (2020 Feb): A meta-analysis, Journal of Adolescence, Volume 79, 2020, Pages 258-274, ISSN 0140-197, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140197120300142
  25. Royal Society of Public Health, U.K., All Party Parliamentary Group on Social Media  and Young People’s Mental Health and Wellbeing Inquiry:“ Managing the Impact of Social Media on  Young People’s Mental Health and Wellbeing”(2019)  #NewFilters study,https://www.rsph.org.uk/static/uploaded/23180e2a-e6b8-4e8d-9e3da2a300525c98.pdf
  26. Boyers, E., Afzali, M.H., Conrod, P., Temporal Associations of Screen Time and Anxiety Symptoms Among Adolescents (2019), The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0706743719885486?journalCode=cpab#
  27. Riehm KE, Feder KA, Tormohlen KN, et al. Associations Between Time Spent Using Social Media and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems Among US Youth (2019). JAMA Psychiatry. 2019;76(12):1266–1273. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2325
  28. Twenge, J. & Campbell, W. K. . Media Use Is Linked to Lower Psychological Well-Being: Evidence from Three Datasets ((2019). Psychiatric Quarterly. 90. 10.1007/s11126-019-09630-7. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11126-019-09630-7
  29. Pluhar, E., Kavanaugh, J. R., Levinson, J. A., & Rich, M. (2019). Problematic interactive media use in teens: Comorbidities, assessment, and treatment. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 12, 447-455. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S208968 
  30. McDool, Emily & Powell, Philip & Roberts, Jennifer & Taylor, Karl. (2019). The internet and children's psychological wellbeing. Journal of Health Economics. 69. 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.102274. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337861626_The_internet_and_children's_psychological_wellbeing
  31. Littman, L. (2019, March 19), Correction: Parent Reports of adolscents and young adults perceived to show signs of a rapid onset of gender dysphoria, PLOS One, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0214157
  32. Pan, P. Y., & Yeh, C. B. (2018). Internet Addiction among Adolescents May Predict Self-Harm/Suicidal Behavior: A Prospective Study. The Journal of Pediatrics, 197, 262–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.01.046
  33. Crone, E.A., Konijn, E.A. Media use and brain development during adolescence. Nat Commun 9, 588 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03126-x, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03126-x.pdf
  34. Twenge, J. M., Martin, G. N., & Campbell, W. K. (2018, January 22). Decreases in Psychological Well-Being Among American Adolescents After 2012  and Links to Screen Time During the Rise of Smartphone Technology. Emotion. Advance online publication, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0000403
  35.  Kelly, A. Z.,  Booker, C.  Sacker, A. (2018), Social Media Use and Adolescent Mental Health: Findings From the UK Millennium Cohort Study, EClinicalinm.2018.12.005. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537018300609)lMedicine, Volume 6, 2018, Pages 59-68, ISSN 2589-5370, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ec
  36. Uhls YT, Ellison NB, Subrahmanyam K. Benefits and Costs of Social Media in Adolescence. (2017) Pediatrics. 2017 Nov;140(Suppl 2):S67-S70. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-1758E. PMID: 29093035.
  37. Royal Society for Public Health, U.K. #StatusofMind campaign (2017) https://www.rsph.org.uk/our-work/campaigns/status-of-mind.html
  38. Amanda Marchant A, Hawton K, Stewart A, Montgomery P, Singaravelu V, Lloyd, K,  Purdy N,, Daine K, John A (2017).  A systematic review of the relationship between internet use, self-harm and suicidal behaviour in young people: The good, the bad and the unknown,  PLOS,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181722
  39. Beyens, Ine & Frison, Eline & Eggermont, Steven. (2016). “I don’t want to miss a thing”: Adolescents’ fear of missing out and its relationship to adolescents’ social needs, Facebook use, and Facebook related stress. Computers in Human Behavior. 64. 1-8. 10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.083. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305847199_I_don't_want_to_miss_a_thing_Adolescents'_fear_of_missing_out_and_its_relationship_to_adolescents'_social_needs_Facebook_use_and_Facebook_related_stress/link/58a1bb8e92851c7fb4c190db/download
  40. Woods, Heather & Scott, Holly. (2016). #Sleepyteens: Social media use in adolescence is associated with poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression and low self-esteem. Journal of Adolescence. 51. 41-49. 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.05.008.Hökby, S., Hadlaczky, G., Westerlund, J., Wasserman, D., Balazs, J., Germanavicius, A., Machín, N., Meszaros, G., Sarchiapone, M., Värnik, A., Varnik, P., Westerlund, M., & Carli, V. (2016). Are Mental Health Effects of Internet Use Attributable to the Web-Based Content or Perceived Consequences of Usage? A Longitudinal Study of European Adolescents. JMIR mental health, 3(3), e31. https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.5925, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27417665/
  41. Defenderfer EK, Austin JE, Davies WH. The Choking Game on YouTube: An Update. Global Pediatric Health. (2016). doi:10.1177/2333794X15622333,  https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/erikscause/pages/1/attachments/original/1520796394/Choking_Game_and_YouTube-An_Update.pdf?1520796394   
  42. Lewis SP, Mahdy JC, Michal NJ (2014), Arbuthnott AE. Googling Self-injury: The State of Health Information Obtained Through Online Searches for Self-injury. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168(5):443–449. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.187,https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/1850199

Key Findings from Royal Society of Public Health, U. K. #NewFilters

-Young people using social media to find support for mental health conditions are at high-risk of unintentional exposure to graphic content and that discourse could unhelpfully “glamorise” mental illness and prevent young people from accessing professional help.

-While 12% of children who spend no time on social networking websites have symptoms of mental ill health, the figure rises to 27% for those who are on the sites for three or more hours a day.

-Pressure to conform to beauty standards perpetuated and praised online can encourage harmful behaviours to achieve “results”, including disordered eating and body shame.

-46% of girls compared to 38% of all young people reporting that social media had a negative impact on their self-esteem.  


Potential Negative Effects

-The publicising of self-harm methods, in particular novel ones, as well as glamorisation of suicide, can lead to further deaths.

- Cyberbullying can cause lasting damaging effects on a young person’s mental health and wellbeing and is more frequently experienced girls, with 40% of girls compared to 25% of boys experiencing online harassment or cyberbullying.


Positive Effects of Social Media

 -Social media can have a range of positive effects: providing a platform for self-expression, enhancing social connections, and supporting learning.

-Almost two-thirds (63%) of young people reported social media was a good source of health information.

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