Social Media Harms

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      • Adult- Depression/Anxiety
      • Teens 14-18 Years
      • Tweens 10-13 Years
      • Children 9 & Younger
      • Cyberbullying
    • Articles/Blog/Podcasts
      • Articles - Technology
      • Articles - Mental Health
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Social Media Harms

Social Media HarmsSocial Media HarmsSocial Media Harms
  • Home
  • About Us
  • References
    • Adult- Depression/Anxiety
    • Teens 14-18 Years
    • Tweens 10-13 Years
    • Children 9 & Younger
    • Cyberbullying
  • Articles/Blog/Podcasts
    • Articles - Technology
    • Articles - Mental Health
    • Articles- Perspectives
    • Articles-Youth
    • Articles-Politics
    • Books
    • Medium Blog
    • Podcasts
    • Videos - Social Media
    • Videos - Technology
  • Activist Links
    • Youth Activist Orgs
    • Tech-Trust & Safety
  • Solutions
    • United States
    • International

References - Teens 14-18 Years

 


  1. Valkenburg, P. M., Meier, A., & Beyens,  I. (2022). Social media use and its impact on adolescent mental health:  An umbrella review of the evidence. Current opinion in psychology, 44, 58–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.08.017
  2. Marciano, L., Schulz, P., Camerini, AL (2022), How do depression, duration of internet use and social connection in adolescence influence each other over time? An extension of the RI-CLPM including contextual factors,Computers in Human Behavior, Volume 136, 107390, ISSN 0747-5632, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107390. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563222002126)
  3. Giordano, A., Lundeen, L., Wester, K.,  Lee, J., Vickers, S., Schmit, M., Kim, I. K. (2022). Nonsuicidal Self-Injury on Instagram: Examining Hashtag Trends, International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354941736_Nonsuicidal_Self-Injury_on_Instagram_Examining_Hashtag_Trends
  4. Sheng, X., Yang, M., Ge, M., Zhang, L.,  Huang, C., Cui, S., Yuan, Q., Ye, M., Zhou, R., Cao, P., Peng, R.,  Zhang, K., & Zhou, X. (2022). The relationship between Internet  addiction and childhood trauma in adolescents: The mediating role of  social support. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 996086. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.996086, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36275326/
  5. Khatcherian, E., Zullino, D., De Leo, D., & Achab, S. (2022).  Feelings of Loneliness: Understanding the Risk of Suicidal Ideation in  Adolescents with Internet Addiction. A Theoretical Model to Answer to a  Systematic Literature Review, without Results. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 2012. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042012
  6. Giordano, A.,  Schmit, M., McCall, J. (2022). Exploring adolescent social media and internet gaming addiction: The role of emotion regulation. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling. 10.1002/jaoc.12116, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jaoc.12116
  7. Giordano, A.,  Schmit, M., Clement, K., Potts, E.,  Graham, A. (2022). Pornography Use and Sexting Trends Among American Adolescents: Data to Inform School Counseling Programming and Practice. Professional School Counseling. 26. 2156759X2211372. 10.1177/2156759X221137287. 
  8. Saul, J., Rodgers, R. F., & Saul, M. (2022). Adolescent Eating Disorder Risk and the Social Online World: An Update. Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America, 31(1), 167–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2021.09.004
  9. Haidt, J., & Twenge, J. (2021). Adolescent mood disorders since 2010: A collaborative review. Unpublished manuscript, New York University. Accessed at: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1diMvsMeRphUH7E6D1d_J7R6WbDdgnzFHDHPx9HXzR5o/edit
  10. Valkenburg, P., Beyens, I., Pouwels, J. L.,  Driel, I., Keijsers, L (2021). Social Media Browsing and Adolescent Well-Being: Challenging the “Passive Social Media Use Hypothesis”. 10.31234/osf.io/gzu3y. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348345356_Social_Media_Browsing_and_Adolescent_Well-Being_Challenging_the_Passive_Social_Media_Use_Hypothesis
  11. Giordano, A. L.,  Prosek, E. A. &  Watson, J.C. (2021).  Understanding Adolescent Cyberbullies: Exploring Social Media Addiction and Psychological Factors, Journal of Child and Adolescent Counseling, 7 (1), 10.1080/23727810.2020.1835420,          https://doi.org/10.1080/23727810.2020.183542
  12. Leventhal, A., Cho, J., Keyes, K., Zink, J., Riehm, K., Yi Zhang, Y., Ketema, E., (2021), Digital media use and suicidal behavior in U.S. adolescents, 2009–2017, Preventive Medicine Reports, Volume 23, 101497,ISSN 2211-3355, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101497.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221133552100187X)
  13. Bickham D. S. (2021). Current Research and Viewpoints on Internet Addiction in Adolescents. Current pediatrics reports, 9(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-020-00236-3,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7796811/ 
  14. Adamczyk G. (2021). Compulsive and compensative buying among online shoppers: An empirical study. PloS one, 16(6), e0252563. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252563
  15. Du Gang, Lyu Houchao (2021), Future Expectations and Internet Addiction Among Adolescents: The Roles of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Perceived Social Support,   Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, DOI=10.3389/fpsyt.2021.727106,  https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.727106 
  16. Nesi, J., Burke, T., Lawrence, H., MacPherson, H., Spirito, A., Wolff, J. (2021), Online Self-Injury Activities among Psychiatrically Hospitalized Adolescents: Prevalence, Functions, and Perceived Consequences, Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology. 49. 10.1007/s10802-020-00734-4,  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348278178_Online_Self-Injury_Activities_among_Psychiatrically_Hospitalized_Adolescents_Prevalence_Functions_and_Perceived_Consequences
  17. Nesi, J., Burke, T. A., Bettis, A. H.,  Kudinova, A. Y., Thompson, E. C., MacPherson, H. A., Fox, K. A.,  Lawrence, H. R., Thomas, S. A., Wolff, J. C., Altemus, M. K., Soriano,  S., & Liu, R. T. (2021). Social media use and self-injurious  thoughts and behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical psychology review, 87, 102038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102038Nesi  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34034038/
  18. Twenge, J M, Haidt, J., Blake, A. , McAllister, C., Lemon, H, Le Roy, A. (2021), Worldwide increases in adolescent loneliness, Journal of Adolescence, ISSN 0140-1971, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.06.006
  19. van Duin, C.; Heinz, A.; Willems, H. (2021, Nov) Predictors of Problematic Social Media Use in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescents in Luxembourg. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph182211878
  20. Reem M.A.Shafi, R.M.A.,.Nakonezny, P.A., et al. , Altered Markers of Stress in Depressed Adolescents After Acute Social Media Use (2021), Journal of Psychiatric Research.  In Press, Journal Pre-Proof https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022395621000662
  21. Mindajao, Benedicto. (2021). Social Media Addiction Among Senior High School Learners. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR). 57. 23-32.,  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350452648_Social_Media_Addiction_Among_Senior_High_School_Learners
  22. McNamee,P.,Mendolia, S., Yerokhin, O.(2021), Social media use and emotional and behavioural outcomes in adolescence: Evidence from British longitudinal data,
  23. Economics & Human Biology, Volume 41, 100992, ISSN 1570-677X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2021.100992, (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X21000162)
  24. Coyne, S.M., Hurst, J.L., Dyer, W.J. et al. Suicide Risk in Emerging Adulthood: Associations with Screen Time over 10 years. J Youth Adolescence (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01389-6
  25. Alonzo, R.,  Hussain, J., Stranges, S.,  Anderson,K., (2021) Interplay between social media use, sleep quality, and mental health in youth: A systematic review, Sleep Medicine Reviews, 56, 101414, SSN 1087-0792,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101414.,(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S108707922030157X)
  26. Paakkari L, Tynjälä J, Lahti H, Ojala K, Lyyra N. (2021, Feb 15) Problematic Social Media Use and Health among Adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(4):1885. Published 2021 Feb 15. doi:10.3390/ijerph18041885
  27. Ballarotto, G., Volpi, B., & Tambelli, R. (2021). Adolescent Attachment to Parents and Peers and the Use of Instagram: The Mediation Role of Psychopathological Risk. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(8), 3965. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083965
  28. McArthur, B. A., Racine, N., McDonald, S., Tough, S., & Madigan, S. (2021). Child and family factors associated with child mental health and well-being during COVID-19. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01849-9
  29. Ilaria, C, . Bruno, L., Neoh, J.L., Esposito Gianluca, E. (2021), Social Media Usage and Development of Psychiatric Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence: A Review, Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11,10.3389/fpsyt.2020.508595,https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.508595    
  30. Vidal, C.,  Tenzin Lhaksampa, T., Leslie Miller, L., Platt, R. (2020) Social media use and depression in adolescents: a scoping review, International Review of Psychiatry, 32:3, 235-253, DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2020.1720623, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09540261.2020.1720623   
  31. Watson, J., Prosek, E., Giordano, A. (2021). Distress Among Adolescents: An Exploration of Mattering, Social Media Addiction, and School Connectedness. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment. 40. 073428292110505. 10.1177/07342829211050536. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/07342829211050536
  32. Ohannessian, C.M., & Vannucci, A. (2020). Social Media Use and Externalizing Behaviors During Early Adolescence. Youth & Society, 53, 871 - 893. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Social-Media-Use-and-Externalizing-Behaviors-During-Ohannessian-Vannucci/eda2a699bdfa9afe191c409c3d54318157577d54
  33. Chen, R., Liu, J., Cao, X., Duan, S., Wen,  S., Zhang, S., Xu, J., Lin, L., Xue, Z., & Lu, J. (2020). The  relationship between mobile phone use and suicide-related behaviors  among adolescents: The mediating role of depression and interpersonal  problems. Journal of affective disorders, 269, 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.128
  34. Duan, L., Shao, X., Wang, Y., Huang, Y.,  Miao, J., Yang, X., & Zhu, G. (2020). An investigation of mental  health status of children and adolescents in china during the outbreak  of COVID-19. Journal of affective disorders, 275, 112–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.029
  35. Toma, C.L., Chen, Y.A., Olson, C., Fan, T. and Brown, B.B. (2020). Youth Social Media Use and Well‐Being. The International Encyclopedia of Media Psychology,J. Bulck (Ed.). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119011071.iemp0210
  36. Twenge, Jean & Haidt, Jonathan & Joiner, Thomas & Campbell, W. Keith. (2020). Underestimating digital media harm (2020). Nature Human Behaviour. 4. 346-348. 10.1038/s41562-020-0839-4.  
  37. Duong, X. L., Liaw, S. Y., & Augustin, J.  P. M. (2020). How has Internet Addiction been Tracked Over the Last  Decade? A Literature Review and 3C Paradigm for Future Research. International journal of preventive medicine, 11, 175. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_212_20
  38. Abi-Jaoude, E.,  Karline Treurnicht Naylor, K.  & and Pignatiello, A. (2020), Smartphones, social media use and youth mental health, Canadian Medical Association Journal, 192 (6) E136-E141; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj, https://www.cmaj.ca/content/192/6/E136
  39. Arias-de la Torre, J., Puigdomenech, E.,  García, X., Valderas, J. M., Eiroa-Orosa, F. J., Fernández-Villa, T.,  Molina, A. J., Martín, V., Serrano-Blanco, A., Alonso, J., &  Espallargues, M. (2020). Relationship Between Depression and the Use of  Mobile Technologies and Social Media Among Adolescents: Umbrella Review.  Journal of medical Internet research, 22(8), e16388. https://doi.org/10.2196/16388
  40. Vannucci, A., Simpson, E., Gagnon, S.,Ohannessian, C. M., Social media use and risky behaviors in adolescents (2020 Feb): A meta-analysis, Journal of Adolescence, Volume 79, 2020, Pages 258-274, ISSN 0140-197, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140197120300142
  41. Wilksch, S. M., O'Shea, A., Ho, P., Byrne,  S., & Wade, T. D. (2020). The relationship between social media use  and disordered eating in young adolescents. The International journal of eating disorders, 53(1), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23198
  42. Lonergan, A. R., Bussey, K., Fardouly, J.,  Griffiths, S., Murray, S. B., Hay, P., Mond, J., Trompeter, N., &  Mitchison, D. (2020). Protect me from my selfie: Examining the  association between photo-based social media behaviors and self-reported  eating disorders in adolescence. The International journal of eating disorders, 53(5), 485–496. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23256
  43. Lee, H. Y., Jamieson, J.,  Reis, H., Bevers, C., Josephs, R.,  Mullarkey, M., O’Brien, J., Yeager, D. (2020). Getting Fewer "Likes" Than Others on Social Media Elicits Emotional Distress Among Victimized Adolescents. Child development. 91. 10.1111/cdev.13422., https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344195460_Getting_Fewer_Likes_Than_Others_on_Social_Media_Elicits_Emotional_Distress_Among_Victimized_Adolescents
  44. Royal Society of Public Health, U.K., All Party Parliamentary Group on Social Media  and Young People’s Mental Health and Wellbeing Inquiry:“ Managing the Impact of Social Media on  Young People’s Mental Health and Wellbeing”(2019)  #NewFilters study,https://www.rsph.org.uk/static/uploaded/23180e2a-e6b8-4e8d-9e3da2a300525c98.pdf
  45. Boyers, E., Afzali, M.H., Conrod, P., Temporal Associations of Screen Time and Anxiety Symptoms Among Adolescents (2019), The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0706743719885486?journalCode=cpab#
  46. Riehm KE, Feder KA, Tormohlen KN, et al. Associations Between Time Spent Using Social Media and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems Among US Youth (2019). JAMA Psychiatry. 2019;76(12):1266–1273. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2325
  47. Twenge, J. & Campbell, W. K. . Media Use Is Linked to Lower Psychological Well-Being: Evidence from Three Datasets ((2019). Psychiatric Quarterly. 90. 10.1007/s11126-019-09630-7. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11126-019-09630-7
  48. Pluhar, E., Kavanaugh, J. R., Levinson, J. A., & Rich, M. (2019). Problematic interactive media use in teens: Comorbidities, assessment, and treatment. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 12, 447-455. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S208968 
  49. McDool, Emily & Powell, Philip & Roberts, Jennifer & Taylor, Karl. (2019). The internet and children's psychological wellbeing. Journal of Health Economics. 69. 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.102274. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337861626_The_internet_and_children's_psychological_wellbeing
  50. Littman, L. (2019, March 19), Correction: Parent Reports of adolscents and young adults perceived to show signs of a rapid onset of gender dysphoria, PLOS One, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0214157
  51. Pan, P. Y., & Yeh, C. B. (2018). Internet Addiction among Adolescents May Predict Self-Harm/Suicidal Behavior: A Prospective Study. The Journal of Pediatrics, 197, 262–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.01.046
  52. Patchin, J. & Hinduja, S. (2018). Sextortion Among Adolescents: Results From a National Survey of U.S. Youth. Sexual abuse : a journal of research and treatment, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327966075_Sextortion_Among_Adolescents_Results_From_a_National_Survey_of_US_Youth
  53. Belfort, E. L., & Miller, L. (2018). Relationship Between Adolescent Suicidality, Self-Injury, and Media Habits. Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America, 27(2), 159–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2017.11.004
  54. Crone, E.A., Konijn, E.A. Media use and brain development during adolescence. Nat Commun 9, 588 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03126-x, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03126-x.pdf
  55. Twenge, J. M., Martin, G. N., & Campbell, W. K. (2018, January 22). Decreases in Psychological Well-Being Among American Adolescents After 2012  and Links to Screen Time During the Rise of Smartphone Technology. Emotion. Advance online publication, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0000403
  56. Brown, R. C., Fischer, T., Goldwich, A. D.,  Keller, F., Young, R., & Plener, P. L. (2018). #cutting:  Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) on Instagram. Psychological medicine, 48(2), 337–346. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717001751,   https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/cutting-nonsuicidal-selfinjury-nssi-on-instagram/600ED6C6856EE21B7E875F08CB088DDB.  Publisher note:  while this study does not specifically identify the Instagram users as adolescents, NSSI addiction frequently begins in adolescence, so it is included on the "Teens" list.       
  57.  Kelly, A. Z.,  Booker, C.  Sacker, A. (2018), Social Media Use and Adolescent Mental Health: Findings From the UK Millennium Cohort Study, EClinicalinm.2018.12.005. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537018300609)lMedicine, Volume 6, 2018, Pages 59-68, ISSN 2589-5370, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.e
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  59. Przybylski, A. K., & Weinstein, N. (2017). A Large-Scale Test of the Goldilocks Hypothesis: Quantifying the Relations Between Digital-Screen Use and the Mental Well-Being of Adolescents. Psychological Science, 28(2), 204–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616678438
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  66. Beyens, Ine & Frison, Eline & Eggermont, Steven. (2016). “I don’t want to miss a thing”: Adolescents’ fear of missing out and its relationship to adolescents’ social needs, Facebook use, and Facebook related stress. Computers in Human Behavior. 64. 1-8. 10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.083. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305847199_I_don't_want_to_miss_a_thing_Adolescents'_fear_of_missing_out_and_its_relationship_to_adolescents'_social_needs_Facebook_use_and_Facebook_related_stress/link/58a1bb8e92851c7fb4c190db/download
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Key Takeaways:

US Teen Social Media Use, "Teens, Social Media and Technology 2022" Pew Research Report

-97% use internet daily, up from 92% in 2014-2015

-46% say they are on the internet constantly, up from 24% IN 2014-2015

-95% of 15-17 year-olds have access to a smartphone; 91% of 13-14 year-olds have access to a smartphone

-Top 5 Social Media Platforms used: YouTube (95%), TikTok (67%), Instagram (62%), Snapchat (59%), Facebook (32%)

-36% of teens say they spend too much time on social media (SM)

-54% say it would be hard to give up SM


Meta Executive Testimony to US Senate:


•154,800 U.S. teens are at risk of suicidal ideations due to Instagram (IG) use.

Antigone Davis, VP, Global Head of Safety at Meta, during her oral testimony to the U.S. Senate on September 30, 2021, stated that FB’s research indicated that 0.5 percent of their teen users confirmed that IG use spurred suicidal ideations.   



 



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